In a manual car , you have a clutch assembly that allows the connection and disconnection between the engine and the transmission - and therefore drive to the wheels. So without a clutch, when slowing down to a stop, an engine would stall as the load from the transmission would drag it below its workable rev limit. The clutch allows the disconnection required to keep the engine running and then the re-engagement along with some throttle to get the car up and running again.
It needs to do the same job as a clutch — allowing the engine to stay running while the transmission and wheels slow down to a stop — but it goes about it in a different and rather ingenious way.
It can replace a clutch due to the fact that it allows the engine to rotate freely by vastly reducing the torque delivery from the powertrain to the transmission. The torque control is achieved through the use of a pump that sends fluid around the torque converter depending on the rotation of the crankshaft. The casing of the torque converter is connected to the flywheel which therefore spins at the same rate as the crankshaft and within the housing is the turbine, the fluid centrifugal pump or impeller and a stator.
The centrifugal pump effectively flings the transmission fluid into the fins of the turbine which in turn spins and transmits torque through to the transmission. The stator is there as a barrier to fling fluid straight back to the turbine instead of back to the pump, vastly increasing the efficiency of the system.
So at idle, the rate of fluid pumped to the turbine is very slow, which means very little torque is making its way from the engine through to the transmission. Then, as the crankshaft rotates faster with more throttle and in-turn rotates the flywheel, more fluid is propelled at a faster rate from the pump into the turbine.
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To rebuild a transmission is no mean feat. It is something that is reserved for only Read More October 4, Automatic transmission service is most of what we do at Mister Transmission. But how Read More September 14, The pump is connected to the casing of the torque converter which in turn is connected to the flywheel. It moves the fluid present inside the casing in a direction opposite to the direction of the casing rotation.
The turbine powers the output shaft and is present in front of the pump closer to the flywheel. It rotates in an opposite direction to what the fluid is rotating as to absorb the torque and make the output shaft move. The correct direction, in this case, is the same as the direction of the pump. Those were the three major parts that make the torque converter work. A flywheel from the engine is connected to the casing of the torque converter.
This makes the entire casing rotate at the same RPM as the engine. The pump is connected to the casing and thus rotate with the same rpm and direction. There is fluid present inside the casing which is thrown around by the pump using centrifugal force. This fluid then goes towards the turbine which has small grates in it. These grates allow the fluid to go in and move the turbine. The turbine absorbs the torque and starts to rotate. The turbine is connected directly to the output shaft.
After the fluid comes out of the turbine it has almost no momentum left and is in the wrong direction of what the pump wants it to be. Hence the stator is used. It rotates the direction of the fluid and makes it similar to what the pump requires. This concludes the cycle which keeps on rotating to move the car.
The torque converter does it all by itself thus making it truly automatic. While from a stationary position you hold brakes and acceleration at the same time the car with Torque converter generates more starting torque as the converter is working irrespective of the motion of the car.
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