To take one example, social psychological research has found that our stereotypes may in some cases lead to stereotype threat — performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. In one particularly disturbing line of research about the influence of prejudice on behaviors, Joshua Correll and his colleagues had White participants participate in an experiment in which they viewed photographs of White and Black people on a computer screen.
Across the experiment, the photographs showed the people holding either a gun or something harmless such as a cell phone. Discrimination is a major societal problem because it is so pervasive, takes so many forms, and has such negative effects on so many people. Even people who are paid to be unbiased may discriminate.
Price and Wolfers found that White players in National Basketball Association games received fewer fouls when more of the referees present in the game were White, and Black players received fewer fouls when more of the referees present in the game where Black. The implication is—whether they know it or not—the referees were discriminating on the basis of race. You may have had some experiences where you found yourself responding to another person on the basis of a stereotype or a prejudice, and perhaps the fact that you did surprised you.
Perhaps you then tried to get past these beliefs and to react to the person more on the basis of his or her individual characteristics. And yet, despite our best intentions, we may end up making friends only with people who are similar to us and perhaps even avoiding people whom we see as different.
In this chapter, we will study the processes by which we develop, maintain, and make use of our stereotypes and our prejudices. We will consider the negative outcomes of those beliefs on the targets of our perceptions, and we will consider ways that we might be able to change those beliefs, or at least help us stop acting upon them. Correll, J. The influence of stereotypes on decisions to shoot. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37 6 , — Across the thin blue line: Police officers and racial bias in the decision to shoot.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 6 , — Cunningham, G. We, as in a group-living habitat, rely on it for exchanging information, building relationships and creating a more civilised world. While communication adds value to social harmony, on the other hand, messages with negative connotations or rumours sustain or even power up through ongoing propagation.
Arising from prevalence of online social platforms such as Facebook and discussion forums, cyber-bullying is typical yet devastative result of disseminating offensive messages across netizens.
What can we do to promote social harmony, instead of generating unpleasant personal insults? Possessing her expertise in social psychology, Prof Victoria Yeung Wai-lan, Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Psychology, is dedicated to investigate the relationship between communication and stereotypes.
Of course, to break into new fields, members of stereotyped groups have to get hired in them. That is where policy interventions should begin, Eagly argues. Our Community Discover how we support creation and dissemination of interdisciplinary research. Quantitative Methods for Policy Research Improving research methods to advance policy and practice. Education Policy Analyzing critical issues to improve learning and outcomes.
Books Browse books and edited volumes by IPR faculty. Newsletters Browse our latest newsletters featuring prominent IPR news stories or subscribe to our mailing list. At some point, those natural over-simplifications cross the line into stereotypes. Simply knowing about social groups can lead us to stereotype their members because we assume there must be something important that led to their common classification in the first place, something that makes them essentially alike.
We see close up the individual differences among members of our own social groups, but those in other social groups blur together in the distance into a homogeneous whole, everyone a minor variation on the same basic theme. They tried adding new counter-stereotype information. They told people that over the years the members of the groups changed significantly. They even told one group that they got the names mixed up, and that everything people thought they knew about the groups was completely backward.
To no avail. The original views of the two groups persisted. The things we hear create stereotypes: What we learn from other people and the broader society. We also pick up stereotypes from the world around us. We hear stereotypical talk, or see see stereotypical images. Family, friends, school, work, church, the media, etc.
Of course, we can learn from people whether they say anything or not. Immigration from Africa to Italy has been a controversial issue in recent years.
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